Towards automated knowledge-based mapping between individual conceptualisations to empower personalisation of Geospatial Semantic Web

Geospatial domain is characterised by vagueness, especially in the semantic disambiguation of the concepts in the domain, which makes defining universally accepted geo- ontology an onerous task. This is compounded by the lack of appropriate methods and techniques where the individual semantic conceptualisations can be captured and compared to each other. With multiple user conceptualisations, efforts towards a reliable Geospatial Semantic Web, therefore, require personalisation where user diversity can be incorporated. The work presented in this paper is part of our ongoing research on applying commonsense reasoning to elicit and maintain models that represent users' conceptualisations. Such user models will enable taking into account the users' perspective of the real world and will empower personalisation algorithms for the Semantic Web. Intelligent information processing over the Semantic Web can be achieved if different conceptualisations can be integrated in a semantic environment and mismatches between different conceptualisations can be outlined. In this paper, a formal approach for detecting mismatches between a user's and an expert's conceptual model is outlined. The formalisation is used as the basis to develop algorithms to compare models defined in OWL. The algorithms are illustrated in a geographical domain using concepts from the SPACE ontology developed as part of the SWEET suite of ontologies for the Semantic Web by NASA, and are evaluated by comparing test cases of possible user misconceptions

Detecting Mismatches between a User's and an Expert's Conceptualisations

The work presented in this paper is part of our ongoing research on applying commonsense reasoning to elicit and maintain models that represent users' conceptualisations. Such user models will enable taking into account the users' perspective of the world and will empower personalisation algorithms for the Semantic Web. A formal approach for detecting mismatches between a user's and an expert's conceptual model is outlined. The formalisation is used as the basis to develop algorithms to compare two conceptualisations defined in OWL. The algorithms are illustrated in a geographical domain using a space ontology developed at NASA, and have been tested by simulating possible user misconceptions

Dilemmas and Perceptionsregarding Medical Education in Hindi medium among Medical Community of Northern India: A Cross Sectional study

Introduction: The medical curriculum, the medium of instruction and evaluation in India, is primarily English. While it has the advantage of preparing Indian medical graduates to represent and interact globally, it also translates into learning difficulties for a substantial population of Indian medical students. Hindi is the common language of communication among majority of the population in Uttar Pradesh.Madhya Pradesh Government in India has already started the option of pursuing the allopathic graduate medical course in Hindi. There is paucity of data regarding opinion of medical professionals about implementation of Medical Education in Hindi in Uttar Pradesh and nearby states.Objective: To assess the attitude and opinion of medical students and medical professionals towards using Hindi in Medical Education. Method: A cross-sectional web-based online survey was conducted between 1st December 2022 and 31st January 2023. Undergraduate medical students, interns, residents and faculty from medical colleges, hospitals of Uttar Pradesh and neighbouring states (Uttarakhand and Bihar) were contacted to participate in this survey using pretested structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 1606 participants responded and answered the questionnaire and 1575 responses were found complete and used in analysis.Most participants (52.8%) believed that Medical Education in Hindi would attract more students from Hindi backgrounds to join the medical field. Similarly, 58.9% of participants were of the opinion that Medical Education in Hindi would improve patient communication skills. However, about half of the participants (49.5%) perceived teaching in Hindi as a hurdle in acquiring higher education. Conclusion: More than half of the participants thought that medical education in Hindi will attract more students from Hindi backgrounds to join the medical field. Similarly, Medical Education in Hindi was perceived to improve communication skills with patients, at least where Hindi is a vernacular language by majority of the participants

Profile of Clients & HIV positive patients attending the ICTC of a tertiary care center of Bihar: A situational analysis

Background: The services provided in an ICTC help in awareness about HIV and help the clients to undergo HIV test in a comfortable and confidential environment. Periodical evaluation of counseling, testing, and referral services is mandatory to find out any existing deficits and barriers of all functions of ICTCs. Objectives: To study the socio-demographic profile of ICTC attendees and to find out sero-positivity of these clients. Methods: The present study was carried out among ICTC attendees in the ICTC unit, at All India Institute of Medical Sciences of Patna district. A retrospective collection of data from available records of all clients who attended ICTC of our hospital between January 2019 and December 2019 was carried out after approval from institutional research and ethics committee. Results: A total of 28876 clients were tested during January-December 2019 and among them all (100%) of tests were provider initiated. Out of the total attendees, 223 (0.77%) were found to be positive. It was also observed that the number of clients attending the ICTC has increased every month. Conclusion: It shows a high illiteracy and high spouse positive rate among the reactive cases. The young age group was found to be affected more and it definitely raises a cocern

Walter Christaller, Hierarchical Patterns of Urbanization. CSISS Classics

An overview of Christaller's Central Place Theory, one of the classic contributions to spatial thinking in geography and regional science

Lotfi Zadeh, Fuzzy Logic Incorporating Real-World Vagueness. CSISS Classics

Zadeh's paper on fuzzy sets introduced the concept of a class with unsharp boundaries and provided a new qualitative approach to the analysis of complex systems in which linguistic rather than numerical variables are employed to describe system behavior and performance

Topological and Geometric Operators for Ontological Classification of Vague Geographic Concepts

This paper presents the results from an experimental framework developed to extract topological and geometrical indicators for geographic concepts. The overall purpose is to demonstrate the usefulness of conceptual cognitive schemas for defining relationships and ontological distinctions between vague geographic concepts. In doing so, the problems in formal specifications arising due to semantic overlaps and ambiguity in geographic concepts, especially ones that have cognitive anchoring, is resolved. The results from the experiment described in this paper have significant implications for the way formal models of place can be developed that encapsulate representational configuration informed by commonsense knowledge

Walter Christaller, Hierarchical Patterns of Urbanization. CSISS Classics

An overview of Christaller's Central Place Theory, one of the classic contributions to spatial thinking in geography and regional science